The Challenge of Finding Alternatives
One of the most significant challenges in phasing out PFAS is identifying suitable alternatives, which can vary greatly depending on their specific use. For instance, when PFAS are used as additives in polyethylene (PE), there are multiple alternative options available. However, when a product is fundamentally composed of PFAS, finding substitutes is much more difficult. Industries that rely on PFAS for their unique properties—such as extreme heat resistance, nonstick capabilities, and chemical stability—face significant obstacles in replacing these chemicals. This complexity has made the search for safer, sustainable alternatives a major focus of ongoing research and development.
Why Are PFAS Being Regulated Now?
Recent regulatory changes have put PFAS in the spotlight, with new federal and state laws requiring stricter reporting or banning their use in certain products. In October 2023, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced a critical rule under Section 8(a)(7) of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). This regulation mandates companies to report and maintain records of all PFAS that have been manufactured or imported commercially since 2011.
Additionally, several states are rolling out their own regulations, which include:
- Preventing PFAS-containing products or packaging from being labeled as recyclable or compostable
- Banning PFAS in textiles, cosmetics, consumer products, furniture, and food packaging
- Mandating disclosure of PFAS use in cookware and other consumer markets
At present, there are no comprehensive federal or European bans on the use of PFAS, though specific state-level restrictions target certain products and industries. These reporting requirements are intended to provide the EPA and other regulatory bodies with essential data to assess the impacts of PFAS, potentially informing future legislation on whether to phase out these chemicals entirely.
What Are PFAS?
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals characterized by their incredibly strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which make them resistant to degradation. Two of the most widely used PFAS are perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Known as “forever chemicals,” PFAS do not break down easily and can persist in the environment for decades, spreading far beyond their initial source. As a result, they accumulate in both the environment and human bodies over time.
Human studies have consistently found that exposure to PFAS is associated with increased cholesterol levels and may also lead to:
- Neurotoxicity (harm to the nervous system)
- Immunotoxicity (effects on the immune system)
- Reproductive health issues (such as reduced fertility and low infant birth weights)
- Developmental concerns (including thyroid hormone disruption and cancer)
How Are PFAS Used?
PFAS have been incorporated into a wide range of consumer products since the 1950s due to their water, stain, and heat-resistant properties. Common uses include:
- Water-repellent and stain-resistant fabrics
- Nonstick cookware (like Teflon)
- Household cleaning products
- Flame-retardant materials
- Wear-resistant applications that use PTFE lubricants (which are manufactured using PFOA)
As regulatory frameworks evolve and research into safer alternatives progresses, PFAS are likely to remain a significant topic of concern. The conversation around their environmental and health impacts is expected to continue as more regulations and laws are enacted in the coming years.
Let’s work together to find solutions.
